Новости за 23.05.2024

Millet, the grain, is having a moment. The United Nations declared 2023 the International Year of Millets. And last September, leaders at the G20 Summit in India were treated to a smorgasbord of dishes and desserts all made from millets.

When a train approaches or an ambulance with its siren blaring nears us, we hear the sound with an increased frequency, gradually decreasing slightly. As it passes, the frequency changes abruptly to a lower one, then decreases further. This commonly encountered Doppler effect can be a valuable clue to the nature of a phenomenon seemingly completely unrelated to sound propagation: heat transport.

Organosulfur compounds, organic compounds containing sulfur, are vital in biological processes and research fields like pharmaceuticals, biomedical imaging, agriculture, and electronics. Compounds like phenothiazine, thianthrene and thienothiophene, containing organosulfur skeletons, play pivotal roles in these domains.

A study systematically measured the charge-changing reaction cross section of 24 light nuclei on carbon and hydrogen targets at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Germany.

In an interdisciplinary study, researchers have discovered that symbiotic bacteria communicate with legume plants through specific molecules and that this communication influences which bacteria grow near the plant roots. The findings provide insights into how plants and soil bacteria form beneficial partnerships for nutrient uptake and resilience. These results are a step towards understanding how communication between plants and soil bacteria can lead to specific beneficial associations providing plants with nutrients.

Oxidation of saturated C−H bonds is a key chemical reaction in synthetic chemistry and the chemical industry. Nevertheless, the high bond dissociation energies (BDEs) and weak polarity of C(sp3)−H bonds, especially in saturated hydrocarbons, lead to weak interactions with many catalysts and difficult substrate activation. Aryl ethers are ubiquitous structural motifs in natural products and pharmaceuticals, including dozens of small molecule drugs in the top 200 retail sales.

Plant mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are crucial for understanding nucleocytoplasmic interactions, plant evolution, and breeding of cytoplasmic male sterile lines. However, their complete assembly is challenging due to frequent recombination events and horizontal gene transfers.

Once considered a minor component of the digestive system, the gut microbiota has now been recognized as a critical player in overall human health. This revelation was first highlighted by scientist Elie Metchnikov in the early 20th century and has continued to gain traction in scientific communities.

Double-sided microlens arrays (DSMLAs) play a crucial role in improving the performance of optical devices, supporting applications from advanced imaging systems to laser beam homogenization. However, traditional manufacturing methods often struggle with alignment errors that diminish the functionality and efficiency of these arrays.

Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) are compact, durable and easy to integrate. This makes them ideal for precise pH measurement and the accurate determination of the concentration of many ions in water, thus making them powerful tools in environmental and bioanalytics. Due to their resistance to breakage, they are already widely used in pH measurement technology, especially in food production.

If you focus on overcoming life's barriers rather than the blessings that make life easier, you're not alone.

The emergence over the past decade of new institutions and technologies that have made it easier for firms to obtain labor from self-employed contract workers instead of employees has spurred widespread speculation that the U.S. labor market is transitioning to a gig economy. But labor force surveys show no rise in the rate of self-employment since 2000, while the share of individuals reporting self-employment income on their tax returns increased dramatically from 2000 through 2018.

In a behavioral experiment, crows were able to learn to produce a set number of calls. This involves them planning in advance. From the sound of the first call in a numerical sequence, it is possible to predict how many calls the crows will make. A research team consisting of Dr. Diana A. Liao, Dr. Katharina F. Brecht and assistant professor Lena Veit led by Professor Andreas Nieder from the Institute of Neurobiology at the University of Tübingen has established this. Their study has been published in Science.

In organic chemistry, π-stacking systems are supramolecular structures that arise due to the dispersion force, a type of intermolecular noncovalent interaction. They are a common occurrence in nature. The stabilized structure of DNA is a very prominent example of a π-stacking system, and so are the arrangement of amino acids in certain proteins.

In the first successful attempt to calibrate walrus counts from satellite imagery, scientists used drones to validate animal counts in Svalbard, Norway. On this International Day for Biological Diversity, the researchers describe how this study is a big step towards using satellite imagery as a non-invasive method to monitor walruses in the Arctic.

UPV/EHU researcher Irantzu Vergara has managed to simultaneously analyze several families of antibiotics in vegetables and earthworms. Sampling carried out in various locations of the Basque Autonomous Community has yielded data on the existence of antimicrobial agents and their derivatives in vegetables. Vergara stresses the need for further research to address the problem of contamination by this type of medication in the environment.

While work is occasionally stressful for everyone, some people wear stress as a badge of honor. They're taking one for the team and want to tell you all about it.

Let's face it, scavengers have a bad reputation. However, according to a new paper published in the Journal of Raptor Research, pairs of scavenging falcons called Chimango caracaras (Milvago chimango) demonstrate an endearing level of collaboration while raising their chicks.

Humans have long been fascinated by bird song and the cacophony of other avian sounds—from coos and honks to quacks and peeps. But little is known about how the unique vocal organ of birds—the syrinx—varies from species to species or its deeper evolutionary origins.

Conservation programs need—and often incentivize—community involvement. For example, a program in Zanzibar, Tanzania, asked communities to protect their village forests in exchange for access to the carbon credits market. Despite community enthusiasm for the program, the international partners failed to secure accreditation. To the extent failed projects may disincentivize future participation, such outcomes are concerning, and yet the impact of project collapse on future engagement has received little attention.

New research from ESMT Berlin finds that individuals strategically select the colleagues they evaluate, and the evaluation they give, based on how they want to be perceived. The research was published in the journal Organization Science.

A team of researchers from the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) and the CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomaterials y Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) has developed an intelligent "nanokiller" based on a component of cinnamon essential oil (cinnamaldehyde) for use as an antimicrobial agent.

A New Zealand-developed structured literacy program is delivering outstanding results for Kiwi children, new research by the University Of Canterbury shows.

With the summer season ramping up, experts with Texas A&M AgriLife said now is the ideal time to create an oasis for monarch butterflies that will funnel through Texas during their annual fall migration to Mexico.

Mentha suaveolens, commonly known as pineapple mint, is valued for its distinct aroma and medicinal properties, which are attributed to its essential oils.