72 years ago, the Allies beat back the last great Nazi offensive — 16 photos of the Battle of the Bulge
(AP Photo)
On the morning of December 16, 1944, more than 200,000 German troops and almost 1,000 tanks drove into the Ardennes, across an 85-mile stretch of the front line, running from southern Belgium to the middle of Luxembourg.
The German thrust shredded Allied lines, held by units sent to the Ardennes to rest and reorganize.
Bad weather held Allied air power in check, and many American troops were caught off guard. The US 106th Infantry division was encircled in hours, and two out of three soldiers were caught or killed. US forces settled into wholesale retreat, save for a few pockets of soldiers who fought on but were quickly isolated, though they held crucial road junctions.
The German offensive pushed a 50-mile bulge into the Allies' lines on the Western Front. Gen. Dwight Eisenhower saw a chance to break the German war machine, and more than a half-million troops were thrown into battle.
The two armies clashed in driving snow and sub-zero temperatures. Soldiers often couldn't see more than 10 or 20 yards in front of them. "Both the enemy and the weather could kill you," Private Bart Hagerman of the 17th Airborne said in a PBS documentary. "And the two of them together was a pretty deadly combination."
Casualities mounted for the US, and physical-fitness standards were lowered to pull in more troops. Men suffering from physical or mental wounds were thrown back into the fight.
"It's very hard to forget the expressions on their faces ... a kind of hollow-eyed, lifeless, slack-jawed expression," Ben Kimmelman, a captain in the 28th Infantry, said in the documentary. "It's almost as though they're going to a hopeless doom."
The battle lasted until the final days of January, when Allied troops returned to their original lines. Almost a million troops were engaged, and 16,000 Americans were killed with another 60,000 wounded or captured. German losses were thought to be twice that.
During the Battle of the Bulge, a US Army half track crosses a temporary bridge over the Ourthe River, in the war-torn Belgian city of Houffalize, in January 1945.
(AP Photo)American soldiers check for identification on the bodies of dead US troops shot by the Germans near Malmedy, Belgium, during World War II's Battle of the Bulge, January 1945.
(AP Photo, File)A dead German soldier, killed during the German counter offensive in the Belgium-Luxembourg salient, on a street corner in Stavelot, Belgium, on January 2, 1945.
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